Centrist senator Rodrigo Paz has won Bolivia’s presidential runoff election, marking the end of two decades of socialist governance under the Movement Toward Socialism (MAS) party. His victory, secured with 54% of the vote, represents a significant political shift in the South American nation amid severe economic turmoil.
The election took place on Sunday, October 19, 2025, with preliminary results showing Paz defeating his right-wing rival, former President Jorge ‘Tuto’ Quiroga, who garnered 45% of the vote. The Supreme Electoral Tribunal declared the trend irreversible, and Quiroga conceded, urging calm and acceptance of the results to avoid exacerbating the country’s crises. This outcome concludes a race that captivated Bolivians weary of economic instability and political stagnation.
Paz, a relatively unknown figure until this campaign, is the son of former President Jaime Paz Zamora and has served as a lawmaker and mayor. His running mate, Edman Lara, a charismatic ex-police captain fired for denouncing corruption, brought populist appeal through viral social media presence and promises of universal income and higher pensions. Lara’s authenticity resonated with disillusioned MAS supporters, often overshadowing Paz’s more measured approach and causing occasional tension on the trail.
The election unfolded against a backdrop of severe economic distress, including a shortage of U.S. dollars that has locked Bolivians out of their savings, 23% inflation—the highest since 1991—and chronic fuel shortages. Voters expressed frustration with the MAS party’s economic management, which had dominated since Evo Morales’ election in 2005, leading to unbridled spending and regulatory burdens that alienated once-loyal bases.
Paz’s campaign slogan, ‘capitalism for all,’ attracted merchants and entrepreneurs who prospered under Morales but later faced high taxes and regulations. In contrast, Quiroga’s embrace of IMF-style shock therapy alienated moderate voters, while Paz promised a gradual approach to free-market reforms, aiming to avoid sharp recessions or inflation spikes. This strategy appealed to a broad coalition, including working-class and rural voters in key regions like Cochabamba.
Supporters erupted in celebration across La Paz, with fireworks, car horns, and crowds chanting Paz’s name. He addressed supporters, emphasizing that his government would bring solutions and renewal, while Lara struck a conciliatory tone, calling for unity and an end to political divisions. The atmosphere was electric, reflecting hopes for change after years of economic hardship and political polarization.
However, Paz inherits a daunting task: he plans to end Bolivia’s fixed exchange rate, phase out fuel subsidies, and reduce public investment, but maintain social benefits to cushion the impact. Critics question the feasibility of his vague fiscal plans, which include cash handouts without clear funding sources, risking further instability if not managed carefully. His reluctance to seek IMF assistance adds to the challenges of replenishing foreign reserves.
The victory sets Bolivia on an uncertain path, as Paz must navigate a Congress where his Christian Democratic Party holds a slight majority, requiring compromise to enact reforms. His ability to restore confidence in the currency and address the dollar shortage will be critical in his first months, with many Bolivians watching closely to see if he can deliver on promises of economic recovery without triggering social unrest.
This election marks the first time since 2005 that no MAS candidate was on the ballot, highlighting the party’s decline and a broader realignment in Bolivian politics. Analysts note a class divide in voting patterns, with Paz appealing to disaffected former MAS supporters and Quiroga carrying wealthier eastern regions, underscoring the deep divisions that Paz must now bridge to govern effectively and stabilize the nation.