The Netherlands has quietly embraced a four-day working week, with employees enjoying shorter hours without a pay cut, but economists question its long-term sustainability amid stagnant productivity and an aging population. This shift challenges traditional work norms and highlights a trade-off between quality of life and economic growth.
In Amsterdam, small businesses like Positivity Branding have adopted a four-day week for seven years, allowing employees to work 32 hours per week over four days. Co-founders Gavin Arm and Bert de Wit emphasize the importance of work-life balance, arguing that working smarter, not harder, is key. Employees appreciate the extra time for family and personal activities, which they say enhances creativity and job satisfaction.
The trend extends to larger companies, with Dutch software firm Nmbrs reporting reduced staff sickness and improved retention since implementing the four-day week. Chief People Officer Marieke Pepers notes that initial skepticism was overcome by prioritizing work and cutting unnecessary meetings. The Netherlands now has the lowest average working hours in the EU at 32.1 per week, yet maintains high GDP per capita, suggesting efficiency in fewer hours.
However, economists warn that this model may not be sustainable. Daniela Glocker from the OECD points out that Dutch productivity has not grown over the past 15 years, posing a challenge for maintaining quality of life. To compensate, the country needs to increase productivity or expand its labor supply, possibly through immigration or encouraging more full-time work, especially among women.
The Netherlands has the highest share of part-time workers in the OECD, with nearly half of employees working less than full time. High wages and tax disincentives make extra hours less attractive, leading families to prioritize time over income. This has institutionalized a culture where three out of four women and one out of four men work fewer than 35 hours per week.
Addressing the gender gap is crucial, as more than half of Dutch women work part-time, about three times the OECD average. Barriers include affordable childcare and complex tax benefits that discourage second earners from working more. Yvette Becker from the FNV union argues that a four-day week can help close this gap by making work more attractive and reducing absenteeism.
Looking ahead, the Dutch government faces pressure to formalize shorter workweeks, with unions lobbying for official recommendations. As the population ages, increasing labor participation will be essential to sustain economic output. Businesses like Positivity Branding see the four-day week as a way to attract talent in sectors with shortages, such as education and healthcare.
In conclusion, while the four-day workweek has brought significant benefits to Dutch workers, its long-term viability depends on addressing productivity challenges and labor market constraints. The ongoing debate underscores a global conversation about redefining work in the modern economy.
