SpaceX has filed a groundbreaking application with the U.S. Federal Communications Commission to launch up to one million satellites into low Earth orbit, aiming to create orbital data centers that power artificial intelligence systems. This unprecedented proposal seeks to address the exploding demand for AI computing by leveraging space-based infrastructure for enhanced energy efficiency and cost savings.
The application, submitted on January 30, 2026, details plans for a constellation of solar-powered satellites operating at altitudes between 500 and 2,000 kilometers. These satellites would function as orbital data centers, using intersatellite optical links for communication and relying on SpaceX’s existing Starlink network to relay data to the ground. SpaceX claims that by harnessing near-constant solar power, the system can achieve transformative reductions in operational costs and environmental impact compared to terrestrial data centers, which consume vast amounts of electricity and water for cooling.
Elon Musk, SpaceX’s CEO, emphasized on social media that the satellites would be widely spaced to minimize visibility and congestion, though astronomers have previously raised concerns about radio interference from Starlink satellites hindering research. The company argues that AI computational needs are rapidly outpacing Earth-based capabilities, making orbital data centers a viable and greener alternative. In the filing, SpaceX even references the Kardashev scale, suggesting this move is a step toward becoming a Type II civilization that can harness the sun’s full energy.
Technical specifics in the application are sparse, but it outlines the use of largely unused orbital altitudes and sun-synchronous orbits to maximize solar exposure. The satellites would operate in the Ka-band on a non-interference basis for telemetry and command, with SpaceX requesting a waiver from FCC deployment milestones due to the non-protected nature of the spectrum usage. This aligns with the company’s strategy to leverage its Starship vehicle for cost-effective deployment, potentially making space-based computing economically competitive within years.
The proposal comes amid rising industry interest in orbital data centers, with other firms exploring similar concepts. However, SpaceX’s scale—far exceeding any existing or planned constellation, such as China’s recent filings for nearly 200,000 satellites—highlights its ambitious vision. The plan is also tied to broader corporate moves, including a potential merger with Musk’s AI company xAI or Tesla, and an upcoming initial public offering that could raise tens of billions of dollars to fund the expansion.
Critics point to significant challenges, such as the risk of increased space debris and collisions in low Earth orbit, which could damage hardware or create hazardous fragments. Experts note that launching and maintaining complex hardware in space remains expensive and technically demanding, with existing Starlink satellites already accused of congesting orbital pathways. Despite Musk’s denials, the addition of a million satellites would intensify these concerns, potentially affecting global space operations and scientific observations.
If approved, the project could revolutionize the data center industry by shifting substantial computing power to space, reducing strain on Earth’s electrical grids and mitigating environmental footprints. It represents a bold fusion of space exploration and technological innovation, with implications for AI development, global connectivity, and long-term human expansion into space. The FCC’s review process will be closely watched, as regulatory decisions could set precedents for future megaconstellations and space-based infrastructure.
In conclusion, SpaceX’s application marks a pivotal moment in the convergence of space and computing technologies. While it promises to accelerate AI advancements and support billions of users globally, it also underscores the need for robust international coordination to manage orbital traffic and ensure sustainable space activities. The outcome will shape not only SpaceX’s trajectory but also the broader landscape of 21st-century innovation.
