Australian scientists have discovered two new marine species—an almond-sized porcelain crab and a glowing lantern shark—during a deep-sea research voyage off the coast of Western Australia. The findings, announced recently, highlight the rich biodiversity of unexplored ocean depths.
In late 2022, a team of scientists from Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) embarked on a research voyage in the Gascoyne Marine Park, located about 20 kilometers off the Western Australian coast. Using the RV Investigator, they mapped the seabed and collected hundreds of specimens from depths ranging from 15 to 6,000 meters. This extensive survey has now led to the official description of several new species, including the two highlighted in recent reports.
Among the discoveries is the West Australian Lantern Shark (Etmopterus westraliensis), found at depths exceeding 600 meters. This shark species grows up to 40 centimeters in length and possesses large eyes and bioluminescent organs called photophores on its belly and flanks, which emit blue and green light. Dr. Will White, a fish scientist with CSIRO, explained that these features help the shark navigate and possibly communicate in the dark depths of the ocean.
The other notable find is a new species of porcelain crab, Porcellanella brevidentata, which measures about 1.5 centimeters—roughly the size of an almond or a paperclip. Discovered around 120 meters below the surface, this semi-transparent crustacean lives in sea pens, a type of soft coral, and uses long, feathery mouthparts to filter feed on plankton instead of using its claws like typical crabs. Dr. Andrew Hosie, curator of aquatic zoology at the Western Australian Museum, noted the surprise in finding two new porcelain crab species in the region.
The voyage also uncovered other new organisms, including the Carnarvon Flapjack Octopus, various sea stars, a scorpion fish, and two additional shark species. So far, about 22 new species have been formally described from the expedition, but researchers estimate that up to 600 could eventually be identified once all specimens are analyzed. This process involves meticulous work, including DNA testing and cross-referencing with international databases to confirm uniqueness.
Identifying new species is a time-consuming task that can take years, as scientists must gather sufficient evidence to prove that the organisms are not found elsewhere. The collaboration between institutions like CSIRO and the Western Australian Museum has been crucial in this effort. The discoveries emphasize how much remains unknown about marine ecosystems, particularly in deep-sea environments.
These findings have significant implications for science and conservation. They contribute to our understanding of marine biodiversity, help monitor the effects of climate change, and could lead to economic benefits through fisheries or medical discoveries. Future research missions are planned, including return trips to the Gascoyne coast to explore underwater canyons, ensuring that Australia’s marine parks are properly monitored and protected.