A landmark study has raised concerns about intermittent fasting, linking restrictive eating windows to a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular death. The findings challenge the popular perception of time-restricted eating as a universally beneficial practice.
The study, published in Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews, analyzed data from over 19,000 American adults tracked over eight years. Researchers found that those who confined their eating to less than eight hours per day faced a 135% increased risk of dying from cardiovascular disease compared to those with longer eating windows.
Led by epidemiologist Victor Wenze Zhong from Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, the research utilized dietary recalls to estimate participants’ eating habits. The elevated risk was consistent across various demographics and was particularly pronounced among smokers and individuals with preexisting conditions like diabetes or heart disease.
Professor Zhong emphasized that the study does not establish causation but highlights a strong association that warrants caution. He noted that the unexpected link contradicts short-term studies that suggested metabolic benefits from intermittent fasting.
In an accompanying editorial, endocrinologist Anoop Misra discussed the potential benefits and risks of intermittent fasting. While it can aid weight loss and improve insulin sensitivity, he warned of downsides such as nutrient deficiencies, increased cholesterol, and adverse effects in vulnerable populations.
The study’s methodology involved self-reported data, which may have limitations, but the researchers adjusted for factors like diet quality and lifestyle. The findings suggest that the timing of meals might not be as crucial as the nutritional content for long-term heart health.
This is not the first time intermittent fasting has been scrutinized; previous studies have shown minimal weight loss and side effects like weakness and headaches. However, the new research adds a serious health risk to the conversation.
Experts advise that individuals, especially those with cardiovascular issues or diabetes, should seek personalized dietary advice rather than adopting restrictive eating patterns based on trends. Focusing on balanced nutrition appears to be a safer approach until more evidence is available.
The study calls for further research to validate these findings and explore the mechanisms behind the increased cardiovascular risk. For now, the message is to prioritize what you eat over when you eat for optimal health outcomes.